Art’s China Chronology

Time PeriodDescriptionComment
200 BCChina united under Chin  (Qin) dynasty 
1842Treaty of Nanking ends Opium War 
1851-1864 “Taiping Rebellion”  Suppressed by Manchus with help from the west. 
1881Danielle and Hans born in Bremnes, Finaas, Norway (Island near Bergen)Were school classmates
1898-1909 Hans to US, carpenter, Great Lakes Seaman, college and seminary 
1898Hans Immigrated to US at age 16 to Chicago, ILThere was no work for him in Norway
~ 1889-1904Worked as a carpenterPaul Ekle was a Norwegian man who befriended Hans. Paul was a carpenter
~ 1898-1904Worked as a steward in the Great Lakes Steamer lines
~ 1904-1906Graduated HS Pleasant View Academy in Ottawa, IL
~1907-1910Attended Luther Seminary in St. Paul, MN and was ordainedlisted in the 1910 census as a student
1910Was “sponsored” by a Lutheran Church in Winnebago, IL
1899 US “Open Door” policy 
1900Boxer anti-foreign rebellion 
1902Missionary interests buy large tract  on Kikung for summer retreat 
1909“Sister” Danielle accepts Norwegian Missionary Society call to China as a nurse in Yiyang (on the Yangtze River)
1910Hans accepts call to China from the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America 
1911Manchu Dynasty overthrown 
1910 – 1913Hans has orientation to Chinese Language, mission Work and preaching centered in Xinyang
1913Hans and Danielle, without intervening contact, meet on Jigong after 11 years separation 
1913Hans and Danielle married on Jigong
1913 – 1922Hans and Danielle built Suiping Mission/Church/School
1914ASK “American School Kikungshan” established as school for missionary children 
1915Gerhard Nesse born 
1917Henry Nesse born 
1918Nesse Family has a furlough to US via Norway
1922Arthur Nesse born at Mission Hospital Kioshan, Honan
1922 – 1924Hans no longer in charge of Suiping Mission but they still lived there
1924Hans and Danielle moved to Xinyang
1927Civil War — Foreigners evacuated China and Chiang took over and unified China under Kuomingtang” Nesse family to US via Russia and Norway.
1928Chiang renews China’s relations with the West – Business and missionaries return
1931Marco Polo bridge “incident” Japan takes over Manchuria – continues conquest to south
1932Danielle dies in Xinyang, buried on Jigong.
1932Summer trip to US at Hans expense.  Gerhard and Henry stay in US: school at Waldorf Academy and College, Iowa.  Art returns to school at ASK moved to Kuling because Kikung “unsafe” due to communistsGerhardt needed to be in US (for immigration purposes) before he turned 18 for citizenship
1934-1945 “Long March”  Communists, defeated by Chiang, retreat from South China to remote Shanxi 
1936Hans had regular furlough in Northfield, MN; GN to St. O last year, HN enters St. O: AN has 1st yr. HS at Northf’l high
1937Art moves to North Dakota to family of uncle: Hans returns to XinyangHans now has no family living in China
1937Japan-China war starts – Chiang forces to Chungking, Communists to Yunnan and make phony alliance vs. Japan U.S. helps China. War become a subset of WW II continues through 1945
1941Pearl Harbor, China a U.S. ally
1942-1945 Hans “interned” by Japanese in Wuhan. Writes “Under Japan’s New Order”
1946Hans returns to US
1947“Under Nippon’s New Order” is published. Art typed and edited.
1948Hans returns to China and resumes work in Xinyang
1945-1949 Communists defeat Nationalists who retreat to Taiwan 
1951Hans expelled by Communists – documents “negotiations” Dies in Norway en route from China to US
1951-1953 Communists purge propertied classes, 5-10 million killed, redistribute land to peasants 
1957-1958 “Great Leap Forward” farm collectivization and industrialization, 20 million starve 
1966- 1969“Cultural Revolution” destroys historical artifacts, educational institutions etc.
1972Nixon visits China to initiate cultural, diplomatic and business relations 
1976Mao and Chou die 
1979China-US relations “normalized”.  Communists adopted a “standard language”, (Mandarin) for all china. Pinyin replaced Wade Giles for English-Chinese 
1981Deng becomes China’s premiere – begins rapprochement with Western powers.
mid 1980sChina opens to Foreign contact and tourism
1987Art returns to China: Visits home area
199XXXMemorial Moongate dedication; dedicated at site of Kikung cemetery; place of Danielle’s grave